Patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis or biliary pathology, marked by a positive Murphy's sign, possibly accompanied by jaundice, deranged liver function test results, and elevated leucocyte counts, underwent magnetic resonance imaging. For the purpose of diagnosing acute cholecystitis, the values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were ascertained. The process of analyzing the data included using SPSS version 20 for entry and analysis. Forty subjects were selected for the current study. Within the group, 27 (a percentage of 675%) were female, whereas 13 (a percentage of 325%) were male. Among the patients, the age distribution encompassed the range of 16 to 79 years, with a mean age of 49.4 years. The majority of patients were aged between 40 and 60 years old (575%). Acute cholecystitis diagnosis via Magnetic Resonance imaging demonstrated exceptional sensitivity (100%), specificity (666%), positive predictive value (944%), and negative predictive value (100%). A common finding in 72.5% of cases, the combination of gallstone disease and acute cholecystitis, exhibited a sensitivity of 96.5%, a specificity of 27.7%, a positive predictive value of 77.7%, and a negative predictive value of 75.0%. In the emergency department, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) serves as a superior method for evaluating biliary pathology, particularly in the pre-operative assessment of acute cholecystitis.
Chronic rhinosinusitis, a disease impacting a substantial portion of the population, is a source of considerable long-term health complications. The initial course of treatment involves a clinical evaluation, subsequently followed by the administration of empirical antibiotics. The application of empirical antibiotics may increase the severity of the illness, contributing to the chronicity of sinusitis. Chronic rhinosinusitis management necessitates a protocol for rational antibiotic use, derived from the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The investigation seeks to ascertain the bacterial makeup of nasal swabs from individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis, and to identify the antibiotics that demonstrate efficacy against these isolated bacteria. A prospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at a tertiary care hospital. Patients exhibiting clinical signs of chronic rhinosinusitis, whose nasal swabs were obtained during nasal endoscopic procedures and subsequently cultured for sensitivity analysis, formed the study population. see more Microsoft Excel was used to input the data, which were then subjected to analysis employing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software. Kathmandu Medical College's Ethical Committee approved the study's ethical aspects. Of the 69 samples examined, 60 (87%) exhibited bacterial growth; 49 (82%) of these were Gram-positive, and 11 (18%) were Gram-negative. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus comprised 25% of the isolated bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus represented the most prevalent species (42%). Regarding gram-positive isolates, amoxicillin showed the greatest antibiotic sensitivity. Conversely, among gram-negative isolates, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin displayed the most significant antibiotic sensitivity. Analyzing endoscopic nasal swab samples from the sinuses of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, we determined the bacterial flora and associated antibiotic sensitivities. This study on chronic rhinosinusitis will provide a foundation for more rational antibiotic prescriptions.
The medical term “gingivitis” describes the inflammatory response affecting the gums. Though it can be reversed, this state can nonetheless be a precursor to the condition known as periodontitis. A possible conclusion to this process is the exfoliation of the tooth, which can lead to a decreased ability to chew and ultimately impair the quality of life. Vaginal dysbiosis To ensure optimal care for a pregnant woman with gingivitis, a thorough assessment, tailored treatment, and special attention are required. Limited records are available concerning the extent of gingivitis in pregnant individuals in the least developed countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gingivitis in expectant mothers during the second trimester of pregnancy, and to explore potential associations with demographic factors including age, parity, education, employment status, gravidity, oral hygiene habits, and frequency of tooth brushing. Among 384 pregnant women in their second trimester, an observational descriptive study was carried out in Kathmandu, Nepal. Information concerning oral hygiene practices and habits, along with demographic variables and general information, was collected during the interview process. Through a comprehensive full-mouth examination, plaque and gingival indices were measured at four sites for every patient. The second trimester of pregnancy exhibited a prevalence of gingivitis reaching 763%. Gingivitis showed a statistically meaningful correlation with the combined effect of gravida and parity. failing bioprosthesis Gingivitis incidence demonstrated no statistical link with the variables of age, level of education, profession, oral hygiene habits, and the frequency of tooth brushing. Pregnant women in Nepal show a high incidence rate for gingivitis. To bolster the periodontal health of expectant mothers in the least developed countries, special programs must be created.
The clinical presentation of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) demonstrates diverse pathological and clinical organ dysfunctions, with severities ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Regarding the care and monitoring of COVID-19 patients, biochemical and hematological markers may be a valuable asset. We sought to examine the modification of serum biochemical and hematological markers in COVID-19-positive patients hospitalized at a tertiary care facility. From December 15, 2021, to February 15, 2022, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, conducted a cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 positive patients, with descriptive methods used. A retrospective review of clinical laboratory services revealed the recorded results for the serum biochemical and hematological parameters in these patients to be used in the analysis. MS Excel was used to enter the data, which were then analyzed using SPSS version 20. A total of 11,699 COVID-19 patients were identified; of these, 712 (46.32%) were male, and 825 (53.68%) were female. Patients testing positive for COVID had a mean age of 40,032,008 years. In COVID-positive patients, serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and GGT levels were strikingly elevated, demonstrating increases of 399%, 428%, 323%, and 472%, respectively. The levels of blood urea, creatinine, uric acid, and sugar were remarkably elevated in 63%, 561%, 331%, and 476% of patients, respectively. A considerable surge in serum LDH, D-dimer, CRP, and procalcitonin (PCT) levels was noted in 521%, 759%, 716%, and 612% of patients respectively. In 522%, 438%, 701%, and 603% of patients, respectively, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL were significantly decreased. In COVID-positive patients, a substantial reduction of 566% in RBC concentration and 536% in hemoglobin levels was observed. Conversely, a considerable elevation in total leukocyte count (807%), an increase in neutrophils (879%), and a decrease in lymphocytes (794%) were also noted. COVID-19 positive patients displayed a divergence in test results for serum biochemical and hematological markers, with some exhibiting significant changes and others yielding normal values.
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as abuse or harm enacted within a close personal relationship. In industrialized and developed countries, a staggering 35% of pregnant women, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), have endured intimate partner violence, a circumstance directly associated with complications such as low birth weight, premature births, and even infant mortality. This research project aims to identify the percentage of postpartum mothers experiencing intimate partner violence and its correlation with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A cross-sectional study, using a 13-item WHO Violence against women instrument translated into Nepali, surveyed 220 postnatal mothers through a structured questionnaire. The face-to-face interview method, combined with consecutive sampling, was employed to collect data at the Kathmandu Medical College teaching Hospital. The data's analysis was accomplished by using SPSS version 20. Pregnancy-related intimate partner violence affected 327% of women, demonstrating at least one instance of abuse, including physical (286%), psychological (309%), and sexual (227%) forms of violence. Among this sample, 36% gave birth to infants with low birth weights, 24% had premature deliveries, 28% experienced the loss of a baby, and 35% reported having had an abortion during a prior pregnancy. Analysis via binary logistic regression showed a substantial association between intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (OR = 1.143; 95% CI = 0.386-3.384; p = 0.0002), low birth weight (OR = 0.237; 95% CI = 0.093-0.602; p = 0.0001), and abortion (OR = 0.0021; 95% CI = 0.0003-0.0175; p = 0.0001). Pregnancy-related intimate partner violence disproportionately impacted one-third of expectant mothers, and is correlated with negative pregnancy outcomes. To effectively prevent adverse outcomes in pregnancies, programs that screen for intimate partner violence in women must be emphasized within reproductive health services.
The inherent risk of exposure to COVID-19 during the pandemic necessitated considerable changes in the clinical protocols and procedures of otolaryngologists. Our study aims to quantify the modifications to the clinical procedures of Nepalese otolaryngologists during this pandemic. An online survey was used to conduct an observational study in the first two weeks of December 2020. Registered otolaryngologists practicing in multiple provinces of Nepal received a questionnaire about changes in their clinical approach, a total of 190.